![]() The most famous of the Mercury chimps, due to his landmark January 1961 flight, Ham was not publicly called Ham when he went into space. Ham and his cohorts were picked for the Mercury program over other hominids (gorillas and orangutans) because they were smaller and could fit in the Mercury capsule and also because “chimpanzees have physical and mental characteristics similar to man,” as LIFE pointed out in its Feb. Many suffered injury not a few of them died. Mice, rhesus monkeys, dogs-all sorts of creatures blasted off from the surface of the Earth strapped atop rockets and locked in test planes. put Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon, Americans and Soviets used animals to test the rigors and dangers that humans might face in outer space. Well before the USSR launched the world’s first artificial satellite, in 1957, and obviously long before the U.S. The pictures in this gallery capture an era when technology, ideology and propaganda converged in an era-defining struggle known as the Space Race. Here, commemorates Ham’s 16-minute suborbital mission with photos taken before, during and after his wild ride. and the Soviet Union and briefly made Ham something of a star. The success of Ham’s flight helped ratchet up even further the already frantic contest for scientific and space supremacy between the U.S. ![]() Then the unassuming 37-pound primate went out and made aeronautic history: Aboard a NASA space capsule, traveling thousands of miles an hour almost 160 miles above the Earth, he became the first chimp in space. London, England: John Murray, 1859.On the morning of January 31, 1961, in south Florida, a 5-year-old chimpanzee dubbed “Ham” by his handlers ate a breakfast of baby cereal, condensed milk, vitamins and half an egg. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. An update on the physiology of the two- and three-toed sloths. Implications of the functional anatomy of the hand and forearm of Ailurus fulgens (Carnivora, Ailuridae) for the evolution of the ‘false-thumb’ in pandas. 8 Anton M, Salesa MJ, Pastor JF, Peigne S, Morales J.The form and function of retractile claws in the felidae and other representative carnivorans. Magnetic resonance imaging of the equine foot: 15 horses. 6 Dyson S, Murray R, Schramme M, Branch M.Variability of metapodials in primates with rudimentary digits: Ateles geoffroyi, Colobus guereza, and Perodicticus potto. Comparative and functional morphology of hominoid fingers. A comparison of fingers and hand in varanus, opossum and primates. Mechanical implications of chimpanzee positional behavior. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press 1980. The development of the vertebrate limb: an approach through experiment, genetics and evolution. Cats’ forelimbs are designed for speed, power, and acceleration rather than for stamina they maintain all five metacarpals and phalanges, although the first digit is relatively small. The cat family represents some of the most highly evolved predators. The two main orders of ungulates have elongated phalanges and metacarpals all ungulates have lost the first metacarpal. Ungulates (hoofed mammals), on the other hand, have evolved to maximize speed and stamina in quadrupedal locomotion. For instance, chimpanzee hands are pronated and the fingers are flexed, and the phalanges are longer and exhibit much more robust insertion areas for flexor tendons. ![]() In primates, the forelimbs have developed such that speed and stamina have been sacrificed for an increased range of movement, which in turn has provided increased manual dexterity. The forelimb has been successfully adapted in mammals of all sizes and in terrestrial, arboreal, aquatic, and airborne environments. For most mammals, the primary function of the forelimb is locomotion. This commonality is particularly well illustrated by the versatile pentadactyl limb, upon which all mammalian limbs are based. All mammals share a remarkably similar skeleton based on a common template.
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